Data independent acquisition reveals in-depth serum proteome changes in uremic pruritus.

Introduction: Uremic pruritus (UP) is a prevalent symptom in patients suffering from uremia, yet its underlying etiology and mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Given the significant incidence of UP, identifying specific alterations in proteins present in the blood of UP patients could offer insights into the potential biological pathways associated with UP and facilitate the exploration of biomarkers. Methods: In this study, we employed LC-MS/MS-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode to analyze serum samples obtained from 54 UP patients categorized as DKD-UP, HN-UP, and GN-UP (n = 18 for each subgroup), along with 18 uremic patients without pruritus (Negative) and 18 CKD patients without pruritus (CKD). Through DIA mode analysis, a total of 7075 peptides and 959 proteins were quantified. Within these, we identified four upregulated and 13 downregulated Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) in DKD-UP versus Negative, five upregulated and 22 downregulated DEPs in HN-UP versus Negative, and three upregulated and 23 downregulated DEPs in GN-UP versus Negative. Furthermore, we conducted an intersection analysis of the DEPs across these three comparison groups to derive a set of common DEPs (COMP). Subsequently, a total of 67 common DEPs were identified in the three UP groups when compared to the CKD group, with 40 DEPs showing upregulation and 27 DEPs displaying downregulation. Results: Following Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analyses, we observed that the DEPs distinguishing UP from CKD were primarily associated with mitochondrial function (MT-CYB, PRDX2, TOMM22), inflammation (CD59, CSF1), renal injury (WFDC2), and neural function (CAP1, VGF). Discussion: Our findings contribute to a potential molecular comprehension of UP pathogenesis, shedding light on the identification of these DEPs as plausible biomarkers for UP.

Hemp seeds attenuate loperamide-induced constipation in mice.

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disease that seriously affects human physical and mental health. Studies have reported that hemp seeds can improve constipation, however the specific mechanism is still unclear. This study investigates that hemp seed (HS) and its water-ethanol extract (HSE) attenuates loperamide-induced constipation in mice. The research results show that: the fecal water content and small intestinal transit rate of mice in the hemp seed group and hemp seed hydroalcoholic extract group were significantly increased compared with MC group, and the first red feces defecation time was significantly shortened; HS and HSE significantly influence serum levels of Gastrin (Gas), motilin (MTL), substance P (SP), and endothelin (ET), potentially mediating their effects on gastrointestinal motility. HS and HSE can improve colon inflammation in constipated mice with H&E staining. Compared with the model of constipation group, the content of short-chain fatty acids in the HS group and HSE group increased significantly. Gut microbiome studies have shown that the structure and abundance of intestinal flora are altered. HS and HSE changed the abundance of Odoribacter, Bacteroide, Lactobacillus and Prevotella. Together, these results suggest that HS have the potential to stimulate the proliferation of beneficial gut microbes and promote intestinal motility, thereby improving gut health and relieving symptoms of constipation.

Effects of hydraulic retention time and cultivation on nutrients removal and biomass production in wastewater by membrane photobioreactor: Modeling and optimization by machine learning and response surface methodology.

Discharge of excess nutrients in wastewater can potentially cause eutrophication and poor water quality in the aquatic environment. A new approach of nutrients removal in wastewater is by utilizing microalgae which grow by absorbing CO2 from air. Furthermore, the use of membrane photo-bioreactor (MPBR) that combines membranes and photo-bioreactor has emerged as a novel wastewater treatment method. This research sought to model, forecast, and optimize the behavior of dry biomass, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in MPBR by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms, which saved time and resources of experimental work. The independent variables that have been used for modeling were hydraulic retention time (HRT) and cultivation. For this purpose, the dry biomass of algal production, DIN and DIP behavior were modeled by RSM and ANN algorithms, to identify the optimum mode of processing. RSM modeling has shown good agreement with experimental data. According to RSM optimization, the optimum mode for DIN and DIP occurred at 1.15 days of HRT and 1.92 days of cultivation. The ANN showed better performance than the RSM model, with the margin of deviation being less than 10%. Furthermore, the ANN algorithm showed higher accuracy than RSM method in predicting the dry biomass, DIN and DIP behavior in MPBR.

(Ni1/3Nb2/3)4+-Improved High-K Ba3Ti4Nb4O21 Microwave Dielectric Ceramics for Miniaturized All-Ceramic Radomes with 5G Beam-Splitting Function.

With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, microwave dielectric ceramics with high dielectric constants are very conducive to the miniaturization of passive devices. Here, Ba3Ti4-x(Ni1/3Nb2/3)xNb4O21 (BTN ∼ NN, 0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) ceramics with hexagonal phases are synthesized via the solid-phase route. The composite (Ni1/3Nb2/3)4+ ion substitution strategy can substantially improve the microwave dielectric properties of the Ba3Ti4Nb4O21 (BTN) ceramic. The εr and Q × f values depend on the ionicity (Nb-O bonds) and lattice energies (Nb(1)-O3 and Nb(1)-O2(1) bonds). The microwave dielectric properties of the BTN ∼ NN (x = 0.09) ceramic sintered at 1250 °C are εr = 60.3, Q × f = 22073 GHz, and τf = 78.1 ppm/°C. A miniaturized all-ceramic radome (@400 mm × 400 mm × 8 mm) for 5G beam-splitting function is designed and demonstrated using this ceramic. Compared to other radomes designed for other work utilizing low εr, the size of this radome has been reduced by 3/7. The reflection coefficients of the beam splitting function are all 0.73, and the phase shifts are all 360°. This work contributes to the development of miniaturized passive devices from a materials point of view.

Mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) is a potent agonist of human TRPA1 channel.

Phthalates are extensively used as plasticizers in diverse consumer care products but have been reported to cause adverse health effects in humans. A commonly used phthalate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) causes developmental and reproductive toxicities in humans, but the associated molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP), a hydrolytic product of DEHP generated by cellular esterases, is proposed to be the active toxicant. We conducted a screen for sensory irritants among compounds used in consumer care using an assay for human Transient Receptor Potential A1 (hTRPA1). We have identified MEHP as a potent agonist of hTRPA1. MEHP-induced hTRPA1 activation was blocked by the TRPA1 inhibitor A-967079. Patch clamp assays revealed that MEHP induced inward currents in cells expressing hTRPA1. In addition, the N855S mutation in hTRPA1 associated with familial episodic pain syndrome decreased MEHP-induced hTRPA1 activation. In summary, we report that MEHP is a potent agonist of hTRPA1 which generates new possible mechanisms for toxic effects of phthalates in humans.

Digital technology and its application in supply chain management: new evidence from China's economy.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the influence that practices using information technology (IT) have on the development of a competitive advantage across the supply chain. An organization has a competitive advantage when it has qualities that give the required foundations for it to separate itself from other organizations that are also in its industry. Pressure is applied to the corporate environment as a result of competition and ongoing changes, such as the introduction of new products and technical advancements, the decline of product lifestyles, and the proliferation of products. In order to maintain a competitive edge and achieve financial success in business, organizations are necessary for responding to changes in the market. Through the use of supply chain markets, companies are able to react quickly to unforeseen shifts in the market, and these shifts may be turned into lucrative business possibilities. One of the most significant things that firms can do to assist themselves is make use of information technology to improve their supply chain management agility. From March 2021 through January 2022, the area of China will have a total sample size of 247 persons fill out a questionnaire as part of the data collection process. In each and every questionnaire, the measurements were taken using a Likert scale with five points. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach is used to the causal model in order to assess the model's reliability and validity. This technique is used to evaluate the causal model. The findings indicate that information technology has a favorable impact on the adaptability of supply chain management systems. In addition, the findings that were collected have shown that there are four factors that influence the SCM systems. These factors are the IT skills and knowledge, the integration of IT-based systems, the IT infrastructure, and the design of global position system and geographic information systems. In addition, this research offers practitioners recommendations for implementing digital technology for supply chain management and building suitable business strategies at various stages of digitalization.

Dryness-alleviating effect of processed Aurantii Fructus from Lingnan based on correlation of fecal metabolomics and dryness / 中国中药杂志

With the approach of untargeted metabolomics and correlation analysis, this study aimed to explore the mechanism of Aurantii Fructus from Lingnan region in alleviating dryness by analyzing the different effects of raw Aurantii Fructus(RAF) and processed Aurantii Fructus(PAF) on fecal endogenous metabolism in normal rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group(C), an RAF group(10 g·kg~(-1)), and a PAF group(10 g·kg~(-1)). After seven days of administration, the effects of RAF and PAF on dryness-related indexes were compared, including water intake, fecal water content, salivary secretion, the expression of AQP5, VIP, and 5-HT in the submandibular gland, as well as the expression of AQP3, VIP, and 5-HT in the colon. The fecal samples in each group were determined by LC-MS. Multivariate statistical analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for screening the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in alleviating dryness of RAF. The results indicated that both RAF and PAF showed certain dryness, and the dryness of RAF was more significant. Moreover, PAF could alleviate dryness of RAF to a certain extent by reducing the water intake, fecal water content, and the expression of AQP3, VIP, and 5-HT in the colon and increasing the salivary secretion and the levels of AQP5, VIP, and 5-HT in the submandibular gland. According to the analysis of fecal metabolomics, 99 and 58 metabolites related to dryness were found in RAF and PAF respectively, where 16 of them played an important role in alleviating dryness of RAF. Pathway analysis revealed that the mechanism of PAF in alleviating dryness of RAF was presumably related to the regulation of riboflavin metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, alanine metabolism, aspartate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and retinol metabolism pathways. This study suggested that PAF might alleviate dryness of RAF by affecting the metabolic levels of the body, which provides a new basis for further clarifying the processing mechanism of PAF.

The influence of diagnostic criteria of different guidelines on short-term prognosis of artificial liver therapy for acute-on-chronic liver failure / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of different diagnostic criteria on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF）. MethodsA total of 115 ACLF patients who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology， The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University， from January 2018 to January 2022 were enrolled， and all patients received internal medical treatment combined with artificial liver therapy. According to the guidelines， the patients were divided into CMA guideline group （Diagnostic and treatment guidelines for liver failure by Chinese Medical Association）（n=100）， APASL guideline group （Consensus statements of Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver）（n=94）， and EASL guideline group （Criteria proposed by European Association for the Study of the Liver）（n=36）. The above three guidelines were compared in terms of 90-day mortality rate. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comprision of continuous date between groups； the chi-square test was used for comprision of categorical date between groups. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve of related variables. ResultsThe 90-day mortality rate was 50.0% in the CMA guideline group， 51.1% in the APASL guideline group， and 77.8% in the EASL guideline group， and the EASL guideline group had a significantly higher 90-day mortality rate than the CMA guideline group （χ2=8.351， P=0.004） and the APASL guideline group （χ2=7.650， P=0.006）. EASL guideline had a sensitivity of 22.2% and a specificity of 92.3% in predicting the risk of short-term mortality， with an area under the ROC curve was 0.576. ConclusionACLF patients who meet EASL guideline tend to have a worse short-term prognosis， and this guideline may help to identify patients at a relatively high risk of short-term death.

Research advances in hemorrhage after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography / 临床肝胆病杂志

Although hemorrhage after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） is mostly mild and self－limited， sometimes blood transfusion and endoscopic hemostasis are still needed. However， rebleeding may occur after conventional endoscopic hemostasis and thus requires interventional vascular embolization or surgical intervention， which might significantly increase the risk of death associated with post－ERCP bleeding. This article discusses the risk factors for post－ERCP bleeding， including disease－specific factors， patient－related factors， and operation－related factors， and elaborates on different measures for the prevention and treatment of post－ERCP bleeding， so as to provide a reference for identifying the high－risk population for bleeding and developing precise surgical strategies in clinical practice.

Consideration on hot issues of gastric cancer surgery / 中华消化外科杂志

In China, gastric cancer is the top three malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality, which seriously endangers the lives and health of people. The comprehensive treat-ment based on surgery is still the main treatment for gastric cancer. Through the unremitting efforts and hard works of gastric cancer experts, the treatment effect of gastric cancer in China has made great progress. However, gastric cancer surgery still faces some outstanding problems. How to further improve preoperative accurate diagnosis? How to further rationalize the treatment of early gastric cancer? Where is the future development of minimally invasive techniques for gastric cancer surgery? How to break through the bottleneck of conversion therapy? These are the challenges for gastric cancer surgery. Based on relevant literature and combined with own clinical practice, the author explores the hot issues of gastric cancer surgery.

CiteSpace knowledge map of research hotspots and frontiers of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in psoriasis in recent ten years / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the development status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) intervention in psoriasis in recent ten years, analyze the research hotspots, and summarize the development trends to provide reference materials for scholars in this field. Taking the available literature related to the field of TCM intervention in psoriasis as the research object, the trends, contents, and source publications were statistically analyzed based on bibliometrics. The research cooperation and co-occurrence of keywords in this field were studied by the knowledge map analysis method based on CiteSpace. The total number of Chinese papers was 2 993 and English papers 285. In terms of publication trend, the annual publication of English papers was low but showed an obvious upward trend, while the increase in Chinese papers fluctuated and tended to be flat. In terms of the content of Chinese papers published, TCM ranked first according to the discipline(2 415). In English papers, the number of publications in pharmacology and pharmaceutical science was the highest(87). Literature source analysis showed that the Chinese and English journals with the most publications were China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy and Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, respectively. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine published the most dissertations in China(99). The authors with the most publications in Chinese and English were LI Bin(Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) and LU Chuan-jian(Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine). As revealed by the CiteSpace analysis of the research cooperation network, there were four mature and stable core teams in this field, but the cooperation intensity between different teams was weak. According to the keywords co-occurrence knowledge graph constructed by CiteSpace, the current hot keywords in this field are as follows: psoriasis, blood-heat syndrome, blood-stasis syndrome, fire needle, blood-dryness type, imiquimod, TCM bath, etiology and pathogenesis, cytokines, cupping therapy, etc. In summary, Chinese scholars have conducted active exploration and research in the field of TCM intervention in psoriasis in recent ten years. The overall development trend is good, and the breadth and depth of the research are constantly extending. It is suggested that relevant research should be free from discipline restrictions and strive for interdisciplinary integration.

Leonurine inhibits ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by activating p62/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the protective effect and the potential mechanism of leonurine(Leo) against erastin-induced ferroptosis in human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2 cells), an in vitro erastin-induced ferroptosis model was constructed to detect the cell viability as well as the expressions of ferroptosis-related indexes and signaling pathway-related proteins. HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro, and the effects of Leo on the viability of HK-2 cells at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μmol·L~(-1) were examined by CCK-8 assay to determine the safe dose range of Leo administration. A ferroptosis cell model was induced by erastin, a common ferroptosis inducer, and the appropriate concentrations were screened. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of Leo(20, 40, 80 μmol·L~(-1)) and positive drug ferrostatin-1(Fer-1, 1, 2 μmol·L~(-1)) on the viability of ferroptosis model cells, and the changes of cell morphology were observed by phase contrast microscopy. Then, the optimal concentration of Leo was obtained by Western blot for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) activation, and transmission electron microscope was further used to detect the characteristic microscopic morphological changes during ferroptosis. Flow cytometry was performed to detect reactive oxygen species(ROS), and the level of glutathione(GSH) was measured using a GSH assay kit. The expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), p62, and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) in each group were quantified by Western blot. RESULTS:: showed that Leo had no side effects on the viability of normal HK-2 cells in the concentration range of 10-100 μmol·L~(-1). The viability of HK-2 cells decreased as the concentration of erastin increased, and 5 μmol·L~(-1) erastin significantly induced ferroptosis in the cells. Compared with the model group, Leo dose-dependently increased cell via-bility and improved cell morphology, and 80 μmol·L~(-1) Leo promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Further studies revealed that Leo remarkably alleviated the characteristic microstructural damage of ferroptosis cells caused by erastin, inhibited the release of intracellular ROS, elevated GSH and GPX4, promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and significantly upregulated the expression of p62 and HO-1 proteins. In conclusion, Leo exerted a protective effect on erastin-induced ferroptosis in HK-2 cells, which might be associated with its anti-oxidative stress by activating p62/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Analysis of Nosocomial Infection in a Cancer Hospital from 2019 to 2021 / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo understand the situation of nosocomial infection in cancer hospitals and its changing trend， so as to provide a basis for adjusting the focus of nosocomial infection prevention and control in cancer hospitals. MethodsData of nosocomial infection quality control indices of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2019 to 2021 were obtained through the nosocomial infection monitoring system， and the changes of these indices across the three years were analyzed by Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2021， the incidence rates of nosocomial infection in this hospital were 0.80%， 0.78% and 0.57%， which decreased significantly year by year （P<0.001）. Among them， surgical site and respiratory system infection were more common， accounting for 35.75% and 31.08%， respectively. Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were the main pathogens. The incidence rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital increased year by year， from 0.08‰ to 0.14‰ （P<0.001）， among which methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus， carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter and bacteria producing ultra-broad spectrum β-lactamase （ESBLs） bacteria increased significantly. The incidence rates of three-tube associated infections were no different across 3 years （P>0.05）， which were still at high levels. ConclusionFrom 2019 to 2021， the prevention and control of nonsocomial infection in the cancer hospital has been improved overall. Meanwhile， the infections of respiratory system and surgical sites， ESBLs related multidrug-resistant bacteria and three-tube are weak links in cancer specialized hospitals， which need to be emphasized and improved.

Interpretation of guidance on non-clinical safety evaluation for nanomedicines / 药学学报

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the research and development of nanomedicines have become one of the development directions of drug innovation. Nanomedicines have special physical and chemical properties, such as nanoscale effects and nanostructure effects, so they have special biological properties, which may change the pharmacokinetic profiles such as absorption and tissue distribution of drug molecules, and thus affect their safety and effectiveness. There are many special concerns on the non-clinical safety evaluation of nanomedicines at the basis of ordinary drug because of the particularity of nanomedicines. On August 25, 2021, China issued Guidance on Non-clinical Safety Evaluation for Nanomedicines(interim). This article interprets comprehensively the guidance, focuses on the key points of non-clinical safety evaluation for nanomedicines, and expounds combined with some cases, aiming to provide reference for drug researchers.

A modified fixation technique for the treatment of buried penis in children / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

For many years, surgical treatment of buried penis in children has been researched by several scholars, and numerous methods exist. This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of a modified fixation technique in treating buried penis in children. Clinical data of 94 patients with buried penis who were treated using the modified penile fixation technique from March 2017 to February 2019 in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) were retrospectively collected, compared, and analyzed. Clinical data of 107 patients with buried penis who were treated using traditional penile fixation technique from February 2014 to February 2017 were chosen for comparison. The results showed that at 6 months and 12 months after surgery, the penile lengths in the modified penile fixation group were longer than those in the traditional penile fixation group (both P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative skin contracture and penile retraction in the modified penile fixation group was less than that in the traditional penile fixation group (P = 0.034 and P = 0.012, respectively). When the two groups were compared in terms of parents' satisfaction scores, the scores for penile size, penile morphology, and voiding status in the modified penile fixation group were higher than those in the traditional penile fixation group at 2-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups after surgery (all P < 0.05). We concluded that the modified penile fixation technique could effectively reduce the incidence of skin contracture and penile retraction and improve the penile length and satisfaction of patients' parents.

New model of PIRADS and adjusted prostatespecific antigen density of peripheral zone improves the detection rate of initial prostate biopsy: a diagnostic study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study explored a new model of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) and adjusted prostate-specific antigen density of peripheral zone (aPSADPZ) for predicting the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The demographic and clinical characteristics of 853 patients were recorded. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), PSAD of peripheral zone (PSADPZ), aPSADPZ, and peripheral zone volume ratio (PZ-ratio) were calculated and subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The calibration and discrimination abilities of new nomograms were verified with the calibration curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The clinical benefits of these models were evaluated by decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves. The AUCs of PSA, PSAD, PSADPZ, aPSADPZ, and PZ-ratio were 0.669, 0.762, 0.659, 0.812, and 0.748 for PCa diagnosis, while 0.713, 0.788, 0.694, 0.828, and 0.735 for csPCa diagnosis, respectively. All nomograms displayed higher net benefit and better overall calibration than the scenarios for predicting the occurrence of PCa or csPCa. The new model significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of PCa (0.945 vs 0.830, P < 0.01) and csPCa (0.937 vs 0.845, P < 0.01) compared with the base model. In addition, the number of patients with PCa and csPCa predicted by the new model was in good agreement with the actual number of patients with PCa and csPCa in high-risk threshold. This study demonstrates that aPSADPZ has a higher predictive accuracy for PCa diagnosis than the conventional indicators. Combining aPSADPZ with PIRADS can improve PCa diagnosis and avoid unnecessary biopsies.

Clinical features and microsurgical reconstruction of congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens with obstructive azoospermia: a tertiary care center experience / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Patients with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) manifest diverse symptoms from normospermia to azoospermia. Treatment for CUAVD patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) is complicated, and there is a lack of relevant reports. In this study, we describe the clinical features and evaluate the treatments and outcomes of CUAVD patients with OA. From December 2015 to December 2020, 33 patients were diagnosed as CUAVD with OA in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China). Patient information, ultrasound findings, semen analysis, hormone profiles, and treatment information were collected, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated. Of 33 patients, 29 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Vasoepididymostomy (VE) or cross VE was performed in 12 patients, the patency rate was 41.7% (5/12), and natural pregnancy was achieved in one of the patients. The other 17 patients underwent testicular sperm extraction as the distal vas deferens (contralateral side) was obstructed. These findings showed that VE or cross VE remains an alternative treatment for CUAVD patients with OA, even with a relatively low rate of patency and natural pregnancy.

Evaluation of thermal environment and human thermal comfort in 8 types of public places from 2019 to 2021 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the thermal environment of different types of public places and the thermal comfort of employees, so as to provide scientific basis for the establishment of microclimate standards and health supervision requirements. Methods: From June 2019 to December 2021, 50 public places (178 times) of 8 categories in Wuxi were selected, including hotels, swimming pools (gymnasiums), bathing places, shopping malls (supermarkets), barber shops, beauty shops, waiting rooms (bus station) and gyms. In summer and winter, microclimate indicators such as temperature and wind speed were measured in all kinds of places, combined with the work attire and physical activity of employees in the places. Fanger thermal comfort equation and center for the built environment (CBE) thermal comfort calculation tool were used to evaluate the predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) and standard effective temperature (SET) according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 55-2020. The modification effects of seasonal and temperature control conditions on thermal comfort were analyzed. The consistency of GB 37488-2019 "Hygienic Indicators and Limits in Public Places" and ASHRAE 55-2020 evaluation results on thermal environment was compared. Results: The thermal sensation of hotel, barber shop staff and the gym front-desk staff were moderate, while the thermal sensation of swimming place lifeguard, bathing place cleaning staff and gym trainer were slightly warm in summer and winter. Waiting room (bus station) cleaning and working staff, shopping mall staff felt slightly warm in summer and moderate in winter. Service staff in bathing places felt slightly warm in winter, while staff in beauty salons felt slightly cool in winter. The thermal comfort compliance of hotel cleaning staff and shopping mall staff in summer was lower than that in winter (χ(2)=7.01, 7.22, P=0.008, 0.007). The thermal comfort compliance of shopping mall staff in the condition of air conditioning off was higher than that in the condition of air conditioning on (χ(2)=7.01, P=0.008). The SET values of front-desk staff in hotels with different health supervision levels were significantly different (F=3.30, P=0.024). The PPD value and SET value of the front-desk staff, and the PPD value of cleaning staff of hotels above three stars were lower than those of hotels below three stars (P<0.05). The thermal comfort compliance of front-desk staff and cleaning staff in hotels above three stars was higher than that in hotels below three stars (χ(2)=8.33, 8.09, P=0.016, 0.018). The consistency of the two criteria was highest among waiting room (bus station) staff (100.0%, 1/1) and lowest among gym front-desk staff (0%, 0/2) and waiting room (bus station) cleaning staff (0%, 0/1) . Conclusion: There are different degrees of thermal discomfort in different seasons, under the condition of air conditioning and health supervision, and the microclimate indicators can not fully reflect the thermal comfort of human body. The health supervision of microclimate should be strengthened, the applicability of health standard limit value should be evaluated in many aspects, and the thermal comfort of occupational group should be improved.

Progress in research of strategies of expanding HIV testing in men who have sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

In recent years, HIV infection prevalence in MSM has been in increase in China. HIV testing is the only way to identify HIV-infection, effectively curb the spread of HIV and reduce AIDS-related death risks. At present, the situation of HIV testing in MSM is not satisfactory, and expanding HIV testing is the one of the key measures for AIDS prevention and control in this population. This paper summarizes the role and strategies of expanding HIV testing in MSM in order to provide a reference for the improvement of HIV testing in this population.

A cohort study of incidence of club drug abuse in men who have sex with men in Qingdao / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand and analyze the incidence of club drug abuse and influencing factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Qingdao, and provide reference for the AIDS prevention and intervention in this population. Methods: From March 2017 to July 31, 2022, MSM who did not abuse club drug were recruited by snowball sampling of MSM social organizations in Qingdao, a prospective cohort was established, and a follow-up survey was conducted every 6 months. The survey collected the information about the MSM's demographic characteristics, sexual characteristics, club drug abuse and others. The incidence of club drug abuse was the outcome dependent variable and the interval between the recruitment into the cohort and the incidence of club drug abuse was the time dependent variable. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for club drug abuse. Results: A total of 509 MSM were recruited at baseline survey, and 369 eligible MSM were enrolled in this cohort. A total of 62 MSM began to abuse club drug during the study period, and the cumulative follow-up time was 911.54 person-years, the incidence of club drug abuse was 6.80/100 person-years. All the club drug abusers shared drugs with others in the first club drug abuse, and 16.13% (10/62) had mix-use of club drugs. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that being students (aHR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.15-4.10), receiving no HIV testing or receiving 1 HIV testing during past 6 months (aHR=4.57, 95%CI:1.80-11.60; aHR=5.15, 95%CI: 2.83-9.36), having sex only with regular sexual partners during past 6 months (aHR=4.75,95%CI:2.32-9.75), having more than 4 homosexual partners (aHR=1.70, 95%CI:1.01-2.87) and abuse of club drug of sexual partners during past 6 months (aHR=12.78, 95%CI:3.06-53.35) were significantly associated with club drug abuse in the MSM. Conclusions: The incidence of club drug abuse was at a high level in the MSM cohort in Qingdao, indicating a high risk for HIV infection. Being student, receiving less HIV testing, having sex only with regular sexual partners, having more homosexual partners and abuse of club drug of sexual partners during past 6 months were risk factors for the incidence of club drug abuse in the MSM. Targeted surveillance and intervention measures should be strengthened to reduce the risk of club drug abuse in MSM.